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Capitals of the world

Madrid, capital of Spain: facts and figures

Updated 28 August 2026 · 3 min read · DailyGeo team

Key figures

Climate through the year

Madrid averages 6.5 °C in winter and 25.9 °C in summer. January is the coldest month of the year and July the warmest, and the city receives 461 mm of precipitation in an average year.

What makes it stand out

• Elevation: 2nd highest capital in Europe (667 m).
• Rainfall: 3rd driest capital in Europe (461 mm).

Nearest capitals

Distances are great-circle distances between city centres, which is what the Capitals game measures when it tells you how far a guess was from the answer. Andorra la Vella is the closest capital to Madrid.

How to remember it

Reading a figure once rarely fixes it in memory. Attach Madrid to a place and a number you already know: it is 493 km from Andorra la Vella, and it is the 25th largest capital in the atlas. Then practise retrieving it. DailyGeo Capitals gives you one mystery capital a day with distance, direction, language and population clues, the memorising method explains the review schedule, and the capitals index lists all 172.

To see how Spain compares with every other country on figures like these, the richest countries by GDP per capita ranks them on geopolitix, a country-ranking game by the same maker as DailyGeo.

Sources

• City population and coordinates: DailyGeo's own game data, the same figures the Capitals game plays with. Population follows the urban area rather than the commune, which is why no density is quoted.
• Temperature and rainfall: ten-year means (2015 to 2024) computed from ERA5 reanalysis, retrieved through Open-Meteo. Hersbach, H., et al. (2020). The ERA5 global reanalysis. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society.
• Elevation: terrain height at the city's coordinates in the Copernicus DEM, read through Open-Meteo rather than taken from a curated claim.
• Time zone: resolved from the same coordinates.
• Country figures: the World Bank, latest reported year for each series: Country GDP, GDP per capita, Country population, Life expectancy, Internet users.
• This capital elsewhere: Wikipedia, UNdata, Wikidata.
• Method and limits: How this data was collected explains how each figure was collected and what it does not cover.

The short answer

Keep learning

• Andorra la Vella, capital of Andorra: facts and figures

  Andorra la Vella is the capital of Andorra: 22,000 residents, 1,173 m above sea level, 3.2 °C in winter and 18.8 °C in summer. Key figures and sources.

• Lisbon, capital of Portugal: facts and figures

  Lisbon is the capital of Portugal: 2,900,000 residents, 64 m above sea level, 12.2 °C in winter and 21.6 °C in summer. Key figures and sources.

• Algiers, capital of Algeria: facts and figures

  Algiers is the capital of Algeria: 3,900,000 residents, 64 m above sea level, 12.2 °C in winter and 25.0 °C in summer. Key figures and sources.

• Capitals of the world: the full list by continent

  Every capital in DailyGeo's atlas, grouped by continent, with population, elevation and winter and summer temperatures, each linking to its own data page.