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Capitals of the world

Lima, capital of Peru: facts and figures

Updated 28 August 2026 · 3 min read · DailyGeo team

Key figures

Climate through the year

Lima averages 16.6 °C from June to August and 21.7 °C from December to February. August is the coldest month of the year and February the warmest, and the city receives 71 mm of precipitation in an average year.

What makes it stand out

• Size: 3rd most populous capital in South America (10,700,000 residents).
• Rainfall: driest capital in South America (71 mm).
• Age: 2nd oldest capital in South America (1535).
• Prices: 3rd cheapest capital for a Big Mac in South America ($4.99).

Nearest capitals

Distances are great-circle distances between city centres, which is what the Capitals game measures when it tells you how far a guess was from the answer. La Paz is the closest capital to Lima.

How to remember it

Reading a figure once rarely fixes it in memory. Attach Lima to a place and a number you already know: it is 1,078 km from La Paz, and it is the 14th largest capital in the atlas. Then practise retrieving it. DailyGeo Capitals gives you one mystery capital a day with distance, direction, language and population clues, the memorising method explains the review schedule, and the capitals index lists all 172.

To see how Peru compares with every other country on figures like these, the most expensive Big Mac index ranks them on geopolitix, a country-ranking game by the same maker as DailyGeo.

Sources

• City population and coordinates: DailyGeo's own game data, the same figures the Capitals game plays with. Population follows the urban area rather than the commune, which is why no density is quoted.
• Temperature and rainfall: ten-year means (2015 to 2024) computed from ERA5 reanalysis, retrieved through Open-Meteo. Hersbach, H., et al. (2020). The ERA5 global reanalysis. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society.
• Elevation: terrain height at the city's coordinates in the Copernicus DEM, read through Open-Meteo rather than taken from a curated claim.
• Time zone: resolved from the same coordinates.
• Country figures: the World Bank, latest reported year for each series: Country GDP, GDP per capita, Country population, Life expectancy, Internet users.
• Big Mac price: The Economist's Big Mac index, from its published dataset. The index covers about 55 economies, so most capitals here have no figure.
• Founding date: Wikidata, earliest recorded founding claim.
• This capital elsewhere: Wikipedia, UNdata, Wikidata.
• Method and limits: How this data was collected explains how each figure was collected and what it does not cover.

The short answer

Keep learning

• La Paz, capital of Bolivia: facts and figures

  La Paz is the capital of Bolivia: 1,900,000 residents, 3,767 m above sea level, 7.5 °C from June to August and 9.8 °C from December to February. Key figures and sources.

• Quito, capital of Ecuador: facts and figures

  Quito is the capital of Ecuador: 2,000,000 residents, 2,903 m above sea level, 11.9 °C from June to August and 12.0 °C from December to February. Key figures and sources.

• Bogotá, capital of Colombia: facts and figures

  Bogotá is the capital of Colombia: 11,000,000 residents, 2,558 m above sea level, 13.7 °C from December to February and 13.3 °C from June to August.

• Capitals of the world: the full list by continent

  Every capital in DailyGeo's atlas, grouped by continent, with population, elevation and winter and summer temperatures, each linking to its own data page.